2 Kings 18:9

Authorized King James Version

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And it came to pass in the fourth year of king Hezekiah, which was the seventh year of Hoshea son of Elah king of Israel, that Shalmaneser king of Assyria came up against Samaria, and besieged it.

Original Language Analysis

וַיְהִ֞י H1961
וַיְהִ֞י
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 1 of 21
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
הַשָּׁנָ֣ה year H8141
הַשָּׁנָ֣ה year
Strong's: H8141
Word #: 2 of 21
a year (as a revolution of time)
הָֽרְבִיעִית֙ And it came to pass in the fourth H7243
הָֽרְבִיעִית֙ And it came to pass in the fourth
Strong's: H7243
Word #: 3 of 21
fourth; also (fractionally) a fourth
מֶֽלֶךְ king H4428
מֶֽלֶךְ king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 4 of 21
a king
חִזְקִיָּ֔הוּ Hezekiah H2396
חִזְקִיָּ֔הוּ Hezekiah
Strong's: H2396
Word #: 5 of 21
chizkijah, a king of judah, also the name of two other israelites
הִ֚יא H1931
הִ֚יא
Strong's: H1931
Word #: 6 of 21
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
הַשָּׁנָ֣ה year H8141
הַשָּׁנָ֣ה year
Strong's: H8141
Word #: 7 of 21
a year (as a revolution of time)
הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔ית which was the seventh H7637
הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔ית which was the seventh
Strong's: H7637
Word #: 8 of 21
seventh
לְהוֹשֵׁ֥עַ of Hoshea H1954
לְהוֹשֵׁ֥עַ of Hoshea
Strong's: H1954
Word #: 9 of 21
hoshea, the name of five israelites
בֶּן son H1121
בֶּן son
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 10 of 21
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
אֵלָ֖ה of Elah H425
אֵלָ֖ה of Elah
Strong's: H425
Word #: 11 of 21
elah, the name of an edomite, of four israelites, and also of a place in palestine
מֶֽלֶךְ king H4428
מֶֽלֶךְ king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 12 of 21
a king
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל of Israel H3478
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל of Israel
Strong's: H3478
Word #: 13 of 21
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
עָלָ֞ה came up H5927
עָלָ֞ה came up
Strong's: H5927
Word #: 14 of 21
to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
שַׁלְמַנְאֶ֧סֶר that Shalmaneser H8022
שַׁלְמַנְאֶ֧סֶר that Shalmaneser
Strong's: H8022
Word #: 15 of 21
shalmaneser, an assyrian king
מֶֽלֶךְ king H4428
מֶֽלֶךְ king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 16 of 21
a king
אַשּׁ֛וּר of Assyria H804
אַשּׁ֛וּר of Assyria
Strong's: H804
Word #: 17 of 21
ashshur, the second son of shem; also his descendants and the country occupied by them (i.e., assyria), its region and its empire
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 18 of 21
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
שֹֽׁמְר֖וֹן against Samaria H8111
שֹֽׁמְר֖וֹן against Samaria
Strong's: H8111
Word #: 19 of 21
shomeron, a place in palestine
וַיָּ֥צַר and besieged H6696
וַיָּ֥צַר and besieged
Strong's: H6696
Word #: 20 of 21
to cramp, i.e., confine (in many applications, literally and figuratively, formative or hostile)
עָלֶֽיהָ׃ H5921
עָלֶֽיהָ׃
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 21 of 21
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Analysis & Commentary

And it came to pass in the fourth year of king Hezekiah, which was the seventh year of Hoshea son of Elah king of Israel, that Shalmaneser king of Assyria came up against Samaria, and besieged it.

This verse contributes to the overall theme of chapter 18: Faithful reformation faces external pressure. The reference to kingship reminds readers that all human authority is subordinate to God's ultimate kingship. In Judah's later history, we see both genuine reforms and deep-rooted corruption, revealing that external religious activity cannot substitute for heart transformation.

The narrative demonstrates God's justice in judging covenant unfaithfulness while maintaining His ultimate purposes for redemption.

Historical Context

Historical Setting: 2 Kings 18 takes place during Hezekiah's reign in Judah, late 8th century BCE, around 715-686 BCE. The chapter's theme (Hezekiah's Reforms and Assyrian Threat) reflects the historical reality of genuine religious reform under Hezekiah, including trust in God that resulted in miraculous deliverance from Assyria. Archaeological evidence from this period includes royal inscriptions, administrative documents, and material culture that corroborate the biblical account while providing additional context for understanding the political and social dynamics at work.

Questions for Reflection

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